Henry VIII Henry had a daughter with Catherine (Mary) but their son had died in early infancy. Parsons UK/US HistoryĬatherine of Aragon in 1502 Parsons UK/US History He married Catherine soon after he became king. In 1509 on Henry VII's death his second son became Henry VIII, a young, energetic, handsome man (when he was young. The Pope granted a dispensation to his younger brother Henry to marry her. Henry VIII Prince Arthur died shortly after marriage to Catherine, aged 14. His skilful government had amassed great wealth. Tudors Henry's son Prince Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (1501) Henry's daughter Margaret married King James IV of Scotland (1503). Tudors In 1497 John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto), who had received instructions from Henry VII to discover new lands to the West, sailed from Bristol and discovered Newfoundland. King reigned with Privy Council and powerful judicial body known as the Star Chamber. Tudors Lords weakened by wars: many nobles had died in battle commons infrequently summoned. Tudors 1485 considered end of Middle Ages. The Princes in the Tower'The Princes in the Tower' by John Everett Millais (June 8, 1829–August 13, 1896), published (1878) (public domain). Killed with his younger brother in the Tower of London, perhaps by Edward IV's brother (their uncle) Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who became king until 1485, killed in the final battle of the Wars of the Roses, the battle of Bosworth, won by Henry Tudor, another claimant to the throne. Edward IV started to restore order, trade and some prosperity. 1471 defeat Lancastrians (battle of Tewkesbury).

Lancaster and York Lancastrians red rose, Yorkists white rose. Challenge to the throne by Richard of York, 1455. Henry VI suffered occasional bouts of madness. Lancaster and York Henry VI (acceded to the throne at the age of eight months. Decisive victory against the French (English dead approx 100, French approx 7,000). Lancaster and York In 1399 Richard II (who had no children) was deposed and Henry IV became king.

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